We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the erkek isteyen gГјzel ParaguaylД± kadД±nlarla tanД±ЕџД±n wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Desk 4 Connection between dowry/fiance rates (paid back because of the inside-legislation regarding siblings, anyone else regarding the village and you may neighborhood) and you will wife’s status throughout the marital domestic (OLS)
4.step 3 Discussion and you will robustness monitors
Inside the deciding the fresh new ladies’ position about relationship household, the outcome of your internet dowry (dowry without bride rates) could possibly get number. Observe that the degree of deferred mehr is included independently of the internet dowry given that former is never repaid until split up happens and cannot meet the requirements property introduced to your marriage. The results advise that this new property brought for the ount) increase their choice-and come up with fuel and independency. This type of positive contacts are not shocking because the fresh new relationships from bride to be price paid off at the time of relationship work with restrict to help you the ones from dowry in the main estimations.
Perhaps, a heightened years otherwise degree differences you’ll damage the fresh wife’s position on the relationship family. Together with decades differences and education change (replacement the partner’s many years and you can degree) does not impact the chief effects, therefore the coefficients of these parameters are not tall (Appendix Dining table nine, Panel B).
New estimation processes is regular by the replacing dowry and you can fiance rate which have web dowry (Appendix Desk 9, Committee An excellent)
You to definitely you’ll argue that how many years once the wedding was important because the effect off dowry (otherwise bride-to-be rates) could be better soon after relationship. In addition to decades since ount from dowry (substitution female’s decades within relationships) magnifies the base effect of dowry for the women’s independence but decrease the magnitude while the advantages level during the ladies’ decision-making (Appendix Dining table 9, Panel C). This implies that a larger dowry boosts the wife’s self-reliance into the new relationship household immediately following relationships; although not, new organization is not rather affected by the fresh passage through of decades due to the fact wedding.
Zero measure of gender ideology is roofed in the main quote because of endogeneity concerns. One you will believe inclusion of these procedures could possibly get weaken this new connection anywhere between dowry and ladies status on the relationship home. Although we never deny the possibility that needs and you may ideological viewpoints concerning gender relations commonly inherent and change over the marital lives, brand new estimate procedure is actually frequent by the and several steps getting young buck preference: the first varying means you to when the wife’s top amount of sons is greater than that daughters therefore the 2nd equals one if partner really wants to offer advanced schooling to sons in the place of so you can daughters. Controlling getting gender ideology doesn’t considerably change the fundamental estimation results (Appendix Desk 9, Committee D). Remarkably, ladies’ decision-making was definitely associated with the young buck liking. However, it’s negatively associated with the taste to own taking advanced schooling in order to sons than daughters. A possible interpretation is that extremely experienced female are against gender inequality from inside the studies and become a whole lot more motivated on the marital family however, favor which have a great deal more sons than just daughters. That it looks consistent with particular existing education demonstrating one to young man liking is more prevalent certainly very educated feminine rather than uneducated female inside the South China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you will Preston 1991).